Sunday, February 1, 2009

Reversing Global Warming

Negative Carbon Energy System Seeks Funding for Pilot

In a small rural US community in the northern reaches of the state of New Hampshire, inventor and entrepreneur Charles Diamond of Bath, is working to develop a pilot facility using a "bio-waste-stream based " energy system that is carbon negative - that is, it uses or sequesters more carbon than it produces within the entirety of its system.

This revolutionary concept has very important implications for stemming the tide of global warming and for providing renewable, clean power in New Hampshire.

Generally speaking, most technologies and processes that have a goal of sustainability as either their central theme or one component of the entire package, have a goal of carbon neutrality as the measure of achieving some level of sustainability.

The Negative-Carbon Bio-EnergyTM concept is capable of using any form of biomass as the fuel source for a process that produces energy and a carbon based fertilizer that not only serves to sequester carbon from the biomass fuel but, when applied to land in sufficient quantity, creates an environment that will capture additional carbon from the atmosphere over time. All of this serves as the basis of energy production of the Negative-Carbon Bio-EnergyTM.




Understanding the system requires looking at it in its totality for two reasons: First, because the system has dramatic and broad capabilities for energy production. The Negative-Carbon Bio-EnergyTM system can be designed to convert bio-waste or pellets, to heat, electricity and fuel. The system can produce one or all three types of power based upon the needs of the community that will benefit from it.

Additionally, the system produces a Negative-Carbon FertilizerTM commonly referred to as biochar that has remarkable capabilities including its ability to enhance the fertility of any land to which it is applied between 200 – 400% and to act as a carbon sink.

Finally, an additional benefit of this system within the context of a Cap and Trade system would be the ability to sell carbon credits.

In a nutshell here's how the system works:

1. Using a low heat pyrolysis, stage one of Negative-Carbon Bio-EnergyTM system converts the initial (waste) fuel to its desired components: Negative-Carbon FertilizerTM.
and one or more of the three energy outputs: heat, electricity and hydrogen based bio-fuel.

A farm for example, may wish to generate all three products in order to have fuel to power its vehicles where a small village may choose only a CHP (combined heat and power) system, producing heat and electricity in addition to the Negative-Carbon FertilizerTM.

2. The Negative-Carbon FertilizerTM is then used as a soil amendment for area farmers, municipal parks, timberland, or any land chosen within the context of developing the system. It can also be developed into a marketable product, sold separately.

The Negative-Carbon FertilizerTM biochar creates a unique anaerobic environment that makes it the ideal host for microbes that feed on carbon dioxide, sequester (capture and hold) carbon and gives off oxygen. The microbial growth causes the expansion of the original area of the biochar, effectively creating a potting soil like environment where it become unnecessary to till the soil from year to year. Planting can be done by simply drawing a line in the earth into which the seeds are deposited. Ongoing research continues on use of biochar in various types of earth, but the technology on which Negative-Carbon FertilizerTM is based is thousands of years old and even today, pre-columbian soil beds are being “mined” for potting soil.

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Moosewood Communications is currently working with inventor and entrepreneur Charles Diamond of Bath, NH to develop a pilot facility using a "bio-waste-stream based " energy system. Moosewood is an Intellectual Venture Capital participant. To learn more about our "Intellectual Venture Capital" approach, click here.

1 comment:

Erich J. Knight said...

Biochar Soil Technology.....Husbandry of whole new orders of life

Biotic Carbon, the carbon transformed by life, should never be combusted, oxidized and destroyed. It deserves more respect, reverence even, and understanding to use it back to the soil where 2/3 of excess atmospheric carbon originally came from.

We all know we are carbon-centered life, we seldom think about the complex web of recycled bio-carbon which is the true center of life. A cradle to cradle, mutually co-evolved biosphere reaching into every crack and crevice on Earth.

It's hard for most to revere microbes and fungus, but from our toes to our gums (onward), their balanced ecology is our health. The greater earth and soils are just as dependent, at much longer time scales. Our farming for over 10,000 years has been responsible for 2/3rds of our excess greenhouse gases. This soil carbon, converted to carbon dioxide, Methane & Nitrous oxide began a slow stable warming that now accelerates with burning of fossil fuel.

Wise Land management; Organic farming and afforestation can build back our soil carbon,

Biochar allows the soil food web to build much more recalcitrant organic carbon, ( living biomass & Glomalins) in addition to the carbon in the biochar.

Biochar, the modern version of an ancient Amazonian agricultural practice called Terra Preta (black earth, TP), is gaining widespread credibility as a way to address world hunger, climate change, rural poverty, deforestation, and energy shortages… SIMULTANEOUSLY!
Modern Pyrolysis of biomass is a process for Carbon Negative Bio fuels, massive Carbon sequestration,10X Lower Methane & N2O soil emissions, and 3X Fertility Too.
Every 1 ton of Biomass yields 1/3 ton Charcoal for soil Sequestration, Bio-Gas & Bio-oil fuels, so is a totally virtuous, carbon negative energy cycle.

Biochar viewed as soil Infrastructure; The old saw, "Feed the Soil Not the Plants" becomes "Feed, Cloth and House the Soil, utilities included !". Free Carbon Condominiums, build it and they will come.
As one microbologist said on the TP list; "Microbes like to sit down when they eat". By setting this table we expand husbandry to whole new orders of life.

Senator / Secretary of Interior Ken Salazar has done the most to nurse this biofuels system in his Biochar provisions in the 07 & 08 farm bill,

http://www.biochar-international.org/newinformationevents/newlegislation.html

Charles Mann ("1491") in the Sept. National Geographic has a wonderful soils article which places Terra Preta / Biochar soils center stage.

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/soil/mann-text


Biochar data base; TP-REPP
http://terrapreta.bioenergylists.org/?q=node

NASA's Dr. James Hansen Global warming solutions paper and letter to the G-8 conference, placing Biochar / Land management the central technology for carbon negative energy systems.

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0804/0804.1126.pdf

The many new university programs & field studies, in temperate soils; Cornell, ISU, U of H, U of GA, Virginia Tech, JMU, New Zealand and Australia.

Glomalin's role in soil tilth, fertility & basis for the soil food web in Terra Preta soils.

UNCCD Submission to Climate Change/UNFCCC AWG-LCA 5
"Account carbon contained in soils and the importance of biochar (charcoal) in replenishing soil carbon pools, restoring soil fertility and enhancing the sequestration of CO2."
http://www.unccd.int/publicinfo/AWGLCA5/menu.php

This new Congressional Research Service report (by analyst Kelsi Bracmort) is the best short summary I have seen so far - both technical and policy oriented.
http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40186_20090203.pdf .

Given the current "Crisis" atmosphere concerning energy, soil sustainability, food vs. Biofuels, and Climate Change what other subject addresses them all?

This is a Nano technology for the soil that represents the most comprehensive, low cost, and productive approach to long term stewardship and sustainability.

Carbon to the Soil, the only ubiquitous and economic place to put it.

Cheers,

Erich J. Knight

Shenandoah Gardens
540 289 9750




Biochar Studies at ACS Huston meeting;

Most all this work corroborates char soil dynamics we have seen so far . The soil GHG emissions work showing increased CO2 , also speculates that this CO2 has to get through the hungry plants above before becoming a GHG.
The SOM, MYC& Microbes, N2O (soil structure), CH4 , nutrient holding , Nitrogen shock, humic compound conditioning, absorbing of herbicides all pretty much what we expected to hear.

578-I: http://a-c-s.confex.com/crops/2008am/webprogram/Session4231.html

579-II http://a-c-s.confex.com/crops/2008am/webprogram/Session4496.html

665 - III. http://a-c-s.confex.com/crops/2008am/webprogram/Session4497.html

666-IV http://a-c-s.confex.com/crops/2008am/webprogram/Session4498.html





Company News & EU Certification

Below is an important hurtle that 3R AGROCARBON has overcome in certification in the EU. Given that their standards are set much higher than even organic certification in the US, this work should smooth any bureaucratic hurtles we may face.

EU Permit Authority - 4 years tests
Subject: Fwd: [biochar] Re: GOOD NEWS: EU Permit Authority - 4 years tests successfully completed

Doses: 400 kg / ha – 1000 kg / ha at different horticultural cultivars

Plant height Increase 141 % versus control
Picking yield Increase 630 % versus control
Picking fruit Increase 650 % versus control
Total yield Increase 202 % versus control
Total piece of fruit Increase 171 % versus control
Fruit weight Increase 118 % versus control

HOMEPAGE 3R AGROCARBON: http://www.3ragrocarbon.com






Also:
EcoTechnologies is planning for many collaborations ; NC State, U. of Leeds, Cardiff U. Rice U. ,JMU, U.of H. and at USDA with Dr.Jeffrey Novak who is coordinating ARS Biochar research. This Coordinated effort will speed implementation by avoiding unneeded repetition and building established work in a wide variety of soils and climates.
www.EcoTechnologies.com

Hopefully all the Biochar companies will coordinate with Dr. Jeff Novak's soils work at ARS;

http://www.ars.usda.gov/pandp/people/people.htm?personid=24434


I spoke with Jon Nilsson of the CarbonChar Group, in their third year of field trials ;
An idea whose time has come | Carbon Char Group
He said the 2008 trials at Virginia Tech showed a 46% increase in yield of tomato transplants grown with just 2 - 5 cups (2 - 5%) "Biochar+" per cubic foot of growing medium. http://www.carbonchar.com/plant-performance